Republic Day:History of India

Republic Day is India 's one most important national event celebrated on January 26th every year. On this day in 1950 the constitution of India came into force and India became a truly Sovereign, Democratic and Republic. Although India obtained its independence on August 15, 1947, the Constitution of India came into effect only on January 26, 1950. On this day India finally enjoyed the freedom of spirit, rules of law and fundamental principle of governance. During the transition period from 1947 to 1950, King George VI was the head of country. C. Rajagopalachari served as the Governor-General of India during this period. And on January 2 6, 1950, Rajendra Prasad was elected as the president of India . India is a large South Asian country rich in ethnic diversity,with more than one billion people & speaking hundreds of languages. Politically it is the world's largest liberal democracy. The Indian economy is the fourth largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity. India is the world's second-fastest growing economy. India is thesecond most populated country in the world after China . India has its borders touch with Pakistan , Myanmar , China , Nepal , Bangladesh , Bhutan and Afghanistan . Sri Lanka , the Maldives and Indonesia are the nearby island nations in the Indian Ocean . Home to some of the most ancient civilizations in the world, India was formally ruled by the British for almost ninety years before gaining independence in 1947. India -Origin of name: The name India is derived from Sindhu, the historic local appellation for t he river Indus and is the most internationally recognizable of the country. The Constitution of India also recognizes Bharat as the other official name of equal status for general usage. Bharat was taken from the name of an ancient Hindu ki ng which means seeker of knowledge. The name is Hindustan , meaning land of the Hindus where Hindu refers to those who dwell to the right of the Indus/Sindhu River, used from the Mughal times onwards. India has civilization united byits diversity, richness of culture, the glory of past. India is a sub-continent with 5000 year old History. The landmarks of each era are the achievements of a change & the legacy of a regime. January 26 (Republic Day of India ): Republic Day is one of the greatest national celebrations observed over thecountry on January 26 every year. Indi a became Republic on the 26th Jan, 1950. On this day India became a sovereign democratic republic with a written constitution and an elected parliament. When India gets independence, although India was under British rule, there were 565 Princely States, big and small, ruled by powerful sovereigns who were protected by treaties of alliance with the British Crown. Without bringing them together, the fundamental unity of the country was not possible. The unification w as accomplished by great Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, whose statesmanship helped to integrate this country into one complete nation. In a little less than 2 years, all the princely States became a part of the Republic of India . Constitution of India: Now India gained freedom but there was the need to under rule the meaning of freedom. There is a need to a set of rules and regulations that would guide and control the natio n.The Constituent Assembly met on December 9, 1946 for creating longest constitution in the world. The Constituent Assembly was convened and appointed a committee with Dr. B.R. A mbedkar as Chairmanto draft the Constitution. With borrowing from the Constitutions of ot her countries like the parliamentary form of government from Britain, federal system with a strong centre from Canada, supremacyof judiciary from the United States, directive principles of state policy from Ireland, the idea of concurrent powers andco-operative federalism from Australia, the system of procedure established by law from Japan, the Indian Constitution is an filtered of all. The Indian Constitution thelongest in the world that consist 397 articles and 12 schedules which pr ovides for asingle citizenship for the entire India . The constitution of India was originally written in English. Constitution gives the right to vote to all citizens of 18 years and above, unless they are disqualified. Fundamental rights are equality of religion, guaranteed to the citizens alsotoo many other right to live & work better with enjoying the freedom. Official language of India : Hindi & English After declared a Democratic Republic, Hindi & English was selected by the government as the official language for all types of work done in his units. The Great F la g of India : Flag is a symbol targets with the powers, wisdoms, & changes of nature from ancient India . Officially the Orange color stands for sacrifice & courage. The White color sign of Peace and truth while Green color symbol of Faith and Chivalry. It is the duty of every Citizen torealize the significance of our national flag and always honorand respect its commands. The word Satyameva Jayate is a holy word in India which means in Sanskrit Always TruthAlone Triumphs. Parade Celebrations in Republic Day: To show our new generation the importance of this occasion, every yea r a g rand parade is held in the capital of India, New Delhi, The parade showcasing India's military might and a cult ural diversity covers an eight-km from the Raisina Hill which is near the Rashtrapati Bhavan (The official house of President), along the Rajpath, than down to India Gate and on to the historic Red Fort in front of Chandni Chowk, old Delhi (Lal Qila). The regiments of the Indian Army, the Navy and the Air Force march past inwith all their finery and officialdecorations. A chief guest is also here as an official policy with Pre sident & this year this reward is taken by Nicholas Sarkozy President of France . The events begin with the Prime Minister laying a wreath at the Amar Jawan Jyoti at India Gate. The President of India, who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Forces, takes the salute from here and unfurls the national flag with National Anthem, is played. The parade also includes various vibrant displays from variety of India then goes to traditionally end with a fly past by Indian Air Force jets. After going this brief investiture ceremony takes place & the President awards India 's top gallantry awards “Param Veer Chakra”, “Veer Chakra”, “Maha Veer Chakra” &Bharat Ratna. In army these are known as the most prestigious awards for bravery for saving their motherland and borders from the enemy ofcountry. A mini celebration also held all over the capitals of Indian states, though on a much smaller scale, where the governor of the state unfurls the national flag. If the Governor of the state is unwell,or if unavailable for any reason, the Chief Minister of the state takes the honor of unfurling the National Flag of India. The people of India settled in anywhere in the world salute the National Flag& Republic of India with both hands. In every means this goes beyond massive celebrations that are held all over the India . This is a visible demonstration of peace, happiness and a feel of proud great independent republic of India . At last I wishing all of Indians over the world & my readers a very-very happy Republic Day. Solute the nation Say " मेरा भारत महान "

"Mamta Mohandas" isa cancer survivor...

Mamta Mohandas, who shot tofame with her superb singing skills later made a mark as an actress. The lady is now focused more on Malayalam cinema. If you've seen her in the recent past, Mamata is sporting a new look altogether. She is sporting short hair and looking even more beautiful with his hairdo. However, Mamata is not making any fashion statementwith this new look. Actually she is a cancer survivor and has cut her hair for the treatment purpose. "It makes me feel reborn. I'm sporting this new look as I'm a cancer survivor," told Mamata in an interview while speaking about her short hair cut. A brave lady she is, Mamata is right now fighting Hodgkin's Lymphoma. "I didn't over-react and took the diagnosis bravely. The tough part is over; now I have to fight it. For chemotherapy and radiation, Ihad to cut my hair," she said.

Auto Charging Mobile Phone.........

Nokia E-Cu - The Auto Charging Mobile Phone 
Nokia E-Cu, a concept phone designed by Patrick Hyland, could partly solve the problem of charging.This is not a phone with a super-charger, no, but a device that can turn any source of heat energy, recharging even just staying in pocket and taking advantage of the warm body. It would therefore be time to say goodbye to conversations cut short at the middle and embarrassing situations created by the death of our mobile phone when you need it down the street.

Nokia E-Cu would have a small production of heat homes and a copper engravings, which should represent the effect of heat in the wild. The design does not seem to hurt and functionality would be in doubt. Think that might be the prototype for mobile phones and smartphones of the future.

Miracle Indian Girl Cries Tears of Blood.......

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In a weird and very unusual twist of medical fate, Rashida Khatoon, a young girl from northeast India cries tears of blood instead of water.

She and her unusual medical condition have been transformed into a holy shrine where worshipers come to watch in awe as blood drips from her eyelids several times a day.

Doctors in the region of Patna, northeast India, have no medical explanation as to the cause of this most unusual anomaly, but local Hindu holy men have declared Rashida a miracle. Followers bow in deference as they stand before her, showering her family with holy offerings.

"I do not feel any pain when it happens, but it's a shock to see blood instead of water," said Rashida of her most unusual situation.

What could be the cause of this weird occurrence? Some have suggested a brain tumor or malfunctioning of tear ducts, but there is no medical evidence to support that. No one in authority in fact, seems to know or will even venture a guess, which is even more disconcerting than to watch the phenomenon, which occurs every few hours.

Could Rashida be suffering from a case of a rare phenomenon known as Haemolacria? Little is known about this medical condition other than the fact that it occurs when a person produces tears, which are partially composed of blood. This can manifest as anything from red-tinged tears to those, which appear to be entirely blood.

Bleeding from the eyes is most certainly weird and creepy. It may be the result of a very rare medical condition, but whatever it is, it is not likely to be a gift of any sort from the holier powers that be. If you think about it, how could bleeding from the eyes be a gift except from a very creepy donor?

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World largest glass floor................

If you're scared of heights, it may be time to look away now.

Not content with having the tallest building in America, the owners of Sears Tower in Chicago have installed four glass box viewing platforms which stick out of the building 103 floors up.
The balconies are suspended 1,353 feet in the air and jut out four feet from the building's Skydeck.

Fearless: Anna Kane, five, spreads out on the floor of the 10ft square box which is 1,353ft up

Spectacular: She also enjoyed amazing views out across the city

'At first I was kind of afraid but I got used to it', 10-year-old Adam Kane from Alton, Illinois, said as clouds drifted by below.

'Look at all those tiny things that are usually huge.' John Huston, one of the owners of the Sears Tower, even admitted to getting 'a little queasy' the first time he ventured out on to the balcony. However, after 30 or 40 trips, he seems to have got used to it.

Thrillseekers: The boxes jut out four feet from the building and were specifically designed to make visitors feel as if they are floating

'The Sears Tower has always been about superlatives - tallest, largest, most iconic,' he said.

'The Ledge is the world's most awesome view, the world's most precipitous view, the view with the most wow in the world.'

The balconies are 10ft high and 10ft wide, can hold five tons, and have glass which is 1.5 inch thick

Unfazed: Although some adults felt dizzy after experiencing the Ledge, children seemed to take it in their stride

Long way up: Even the floor of the platforms are glass - few were brave enough to look straight down

Inspiration came from the hundreds of forehead prints visitors left behind on Skydeck windows every week. Now, staff will have a new glass surface to clean: floors.

Architect Ross Wimer said: 'We did studies that showed a four-foot-deep (1.2 metres) enclosure makes you feel like you're floating since there's only room for one row of people, not two.'

The Skydeck attracts 25,000 visitors on clear days. They each pay $15 to take an elevator ride up to the 103rd floor of the 110-story office building that opened in 1973.

Towering: A view of the Sears Tower (black building in the foreground). The Ledge is on the 103rd floor

China attack India by 2012.........?

A leading defence expert has projected that China will attack India by 2012 to divert the attention of its own people from "unprecedented" internal dissent, growing unemployment and financial problems that are threatening the hold of Communists in that country. "China will launch an attack on India before 2012. There are multiple reasons for a desperate Beijing to teach India the final lesson, thereby ensuring Chinese supremacy in Asia in this century," Bharat Verma, Editor of the Indian Defence Review, has said.
He said the recession has "shut the Chinese exports shop", creating an "unprecedented internal social unrest" which in turn, was severely threatening the grip of the Communists over the society. Among other reasons for this assessment were rising unemployment, flight of capital worth billions of dollars, depletion of its foreign exchange reserves and growing internal dissent, Verma said in an editorial in the forthcoming issue of the premier defence journal.
In addition to this, "The growing irrelevance of Pakistan, their right hand that operates against India on their behest, is increasing the Chinese nervousness," he said, adding that US President Barak Obama's Af-Pak policy was primarily Pak-Af policy that has "intelligently set the thief to catch the thief".
Verma said Beijing was "already rattled, with its proxy Pakistan now literally embroiled in a civil war, losing its sheen against India." "Above all, it is worried over the growing alliance of India with the US and the West, because the alliance has the potential to create a technologically superior counterpoise. "All these three concerns of Chinese Communists are best addressed by waging a war against pacifist India to achieve multiple strategic objectives," he said.
While China "covertly allowed" North Korea to test underground nuclear explosion and carry out missile trials, it was also "increasing its naval presence in South China Sea to coerce into submission those opposing its claim on the Sprately Islands," the defence expert said. He said it would be "unwise" at this point of time for a recession-hit China to move against the Western interests, including Japan. "Therefore, the most attractive option is to attack a soft target like India and forcibly occupy its territory in the Northeast," Verma said.
But India is "least prepared" on ground to face the Chinese threat, he says and asks a series of questions on how will India respond to repulse the Chinese game plan or whether Indian leadership would be able to "take the heat of war". "Is Indian military equipped to face the two-front wars by Beijing and Islamabad? Is the Indian civil administration geared to meet the internal security challenges that the external actors will sponsor simultaneously through their doctrine of unrestricted warfare? "The answers are an unequivocal 'no'. Pacifist India is not ready by a long shot either on the internal or the external front," the defence journal editor says.
In view of the "imminent threat" posed by China, "the quickest way to swing out of pacifism to a state of assertion is by injecting military thinking in the civil administration to build the sinews. That will enormously increase the deliverables on ground -- from Lalgarh to Tawang," he says

20 Beautiful City Photography

 More people across the world are living in cities than ever before.
Cities are both places of historical significance and the engines of the world’s economy.
They’re also home to some of the greatest treasures and buildings that mankind has created.
Cities are wonderful subjects for photography.
They offer a variety of subjects including architectural, street and night photography.


Barcelona, Spain



Haramal-Sharif, Jerusalem


London, UK


Machu Picchu, Peru


Madrid, Spain


Marrakech, Morocc


Moscow, Russia


New York City, United States


Paris, France



Pisa, Italy



RiodeJaneiro, Brazil


Rome, Italy


Rotterdam, Netherlands


Saint Basil's Cathedral, Moscow, Russia


Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia


Tokyo, Japan


Zugspitze, Germany/Austria

Indian Railway Frist AC Double Decker Train..........

*** Indian Railway ROLLS OUT first AC Double-Decker Train ***




Rail Coach Factory(RCF), Kapurthala rolled out Indian Railways first air-conditioned double decker rake , comprising 10 coaches (8 double deckers and 2 power cars). This rake has been offered to Eastern Railway/ Kolkata for running between Howrah and Dhanbad.



These stainless steel coaches have been introduced to cater to the heavy rush of commuters in high density corridors offering AC travel at a lower cost.

?These new design coaches are capable to run at a speed of 160 kmph. The passenger carrying capacity has increased to 128 passenger in comparison to 78 passengers in Shatabdi chair car, thus increasing the capacity by almost 70%. Since this design has substantially lower tare weight per passenger, these coaches will be more energy efficient, said RCF, general manager Pradeep Kumar.



RCF, in association with RDSO/ Lucknow, finalised the design of double decker coaches and the first prototype of this type was rolled out for oscillation trials within a record time of 9 months on March 31, 2010.



The overall height of double decker coach has been increased marginally by 116 mm (four and a half inches) keeping in view the constraints like overhead structures, bridges, electric traction equipment, platforms etc. so that these coaches can be used without modifying any of the fixed structures except for clearing some minor infringements.



Space for the two decks has been generated by optimally using the well space between the two bogies. The End-On-Generation configuration has been used for train lighting and air-conditioning, in which power is supplied by two power cars, attached at both ends of the train.

The new air-conditioned double decker coaches have many superior technical features likae aesthetically pleasing stainless steel body, high speed Y-Frame bogies with air springs suspension for superior ride quality and many other safety related features. The chairs have been provided in face to face format, so that passengers can enjoy traveling with their families. For better safety, fire retardant upholstery has been used in chairs.





These coaches are clear illustration of Indian Railways capabilities in design and manufacturing of new types of rolling stock.

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